Tutorial 14: Practice Management & Billing Integration

I had a client meeting with [Client Name] for [Matter] on [Date] from [Time] to [Time].

I've provided:
1. Calendar entry
2. Email communications from that day
3. Related work product (brief snippet)
4. My firm's billing guidelines

Please help me create accurate time entry(ies):

## STEP 1: ACTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION
Based on calendar and emails, what activities occurred?
- Main activity:
- Pre-meeting preparation:
- Follow-up actions:
- Estimated time per activity:

## STEP 2: BILLING GUIDELINE COMPLIANCE
My firm requires:
- Minimum 6-minute increments
- Specific time descriptions (no generic terms)
- Code assignment from approved list: [LIST]
- Billable vs. non-billable (specify policy):

Does this matter qualify as billable under our guidelines?

## STEP 3: TIME ENTRY DESCRIPTION ENHANCEMENT
My firm prohibits:
- Block billing (bundling multiple activities)
- Vague descriptions ("reviewed documents")
- Missing time codes
- Missing activity dates

Rewrite my proposed time entry:
PROPOSED: "Client meeting - strategy discussion"
ENHANCED: [Your suggestion]

## STEP 4: MULTIPLE TIME ENTRIES
If I have related activities, break into:
| Date | Time | Duration | Task Code | Description | Billable? |
|------|------|----------|-----------|-------------|-----------|
| | | | | | |

## STEP 5: COMPLIANCE CHECK
- [ ] Descriptions specific and detailed?
- [ ] Codes match approved billing codes?
- [ ] No block billing?
- [ ] All entries dated?
- [ ] Billable/non-billable correctly categorized?

I've provided my email inbox and calendar for [Date/Week].

Please extract all billable activities for [Client/Matter]:

## CAPTURED ACTIVITIES
| Time | Duration | Activity | Task Code | Description | Billable? |
|------|----------|----------|-----------|-------------|-----------|
| | | | | | |

## MISSED BILLING OPPORTUNITIES
Activities that might not have been recorded:
1. [Activity] - Estimated time: __
2. [Activity] - Estimated time: __

## RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Time entry summary for billing entry
2. Any activities that shouldn't be billed: [Why]
3. Suggestions for tracking going forward

My firm uses UTBMS codes. I've provided our approved code list and descriptions.

I have these time entries (missing codes):

| Attorney | Matter | Description | Current Entry |
|----------|--------|-------------|----------------|
| Smith | ABC Co. | Initial meeting to discuss trademark registration | |
| Jones | XYZ LLC | Reviewed lease and identified liability gaps | |
| Brown | DEF Corp | Calculated damages for breach of contract claim | |

Please assign codes:

## TASK CODE ASSIGNMENT

For each activity, provide:
1. Primary UTBMS code (category + subcategory)
2. Justification
3. Any ambiguities noted

Example:
**Activity**: "Initial meeting to discuss trademark registration"
**Code**: 5200 - Legal research & analysis (IP)
   OR 6300 - Client conferences (more appropriate)
**Rationale**: First meeting with client = client conference, not research
**My recommendation**: 6300

---

Please code all entries using this format and flag any that don't clearly fit categories.

For [Matter Name], I need to organize billing by phase.

Our standard phases are:
1. Initial consultation & engagement (codes: 1000-1999)
2. Pre-litigation planning (codes: 2000-2999)
3. Litigation (codes: 3000-3999)
4. Settlement/resolution (codes: 4000-4999)

I have these activities to categorize:

| Date | Activity | Hours | Current Code |
|------|----------|-------|--------------|
| | | | |

Please provide:

## PHASE MAPPING ANALYSIS
| Phase | Activities | Total Hours | Codes Used | % of Matter |
|-------|-----------|------------|-----------|------------|

## PROFIT ANALYSIS BY PHASE
- Engagement cost (fixed fees/discounts):
- Blended rate by phase:
- Most profitable phases: [List]
- Loss leaders or cost overruns: [List]

## RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Are we over-investing in certain phases?
2. Should pricing be adjusted for future similar matters?
3. Unbilled hours to review: [List]

I've provided [Attorney Name]'s calendar for [Month] and their submitted time entries.

Please perform gap analysis:

## CALENDAR ANALYSIS
Examine calendar for:
- Client meetings not yet recorded as time entries
- Internal meetings (flagging as non-billable or cross-billable)
- Blocks marked "working time" with no entries
- Email/call activity marked but not recorded

## GAP IDENTIFICATION
| Date | Calendar Entry | Time Entry Status | Gap | Explanation |
|------|----------------|------------------|-----|-------------|

## MISSED BILLABLE HOURS
Likely billable activities not yet recorded:
1. [Activity] - Date: [Date] - Estimated time: [Hours]
2. [Activity] - Date: [Date] - Estimated time: [Hours]

Total potential unbilled hours: __

## POTENTIAL RECOVERY VALUE
At firm rate of $[rate] per hour = $[amount]

## PRIORITIZED ACTION ITEMS
1. High-certainty entries (must record):
   - [Activity] - [Time]

2. Likely billable (should confirm):
   - [Activity] - [Time]

3. Questionable (discuss with partner):
   - [Activity] - [Time]

I have these "admin" time entries for [Paralegal Name]:

| Date | Description | Hours | Current Billing |
|------|-------------|-------|-----------------|
| | | | Non-billable |
| | | | |

Our policy:
- Administrative work directly related to a client matter IS billable
- General firm administration is non-billable
- Time allocation depends on activity:
  - [Specify policy examples]

Please analyze:

## UNBILLED WORK RECOVERY ANALYSIS

| Activity | Hours | Chargeable to Client? | Matter | Recommended Billing Code |
|----------|-------|----------------------|--------|------------------------|
| | | | | |

## RECOVERY SUMMARY
- Potentially recoverable hours: __
- At blended rate of $[rate]: $[amount]
- Recommended actions for each

## PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS
1. How should this person track billable admin time going forward?
2. What reminders/system changes needed?
3. Estimated monthly recovery if process improved: $__

I've uploaded [Legal document - complaint, discovery request, contract, etc.].

Extract all critical dates and create a calendar management plan:

## DATE EXTRACTION

| Date | Type of Deadline | What's Due | Days from Today | Owner |
|------|-----------------|-----------|-----------------|-------|
| | | | | |

Examples: Statute of limitations, contract renewal, response deadline, discovery deadline, trial date

## CALENDAR EVENT TEMPLATE

For each deadline, generate:

**Event 1: [Deadline Name]**
- Calendar date: [Date]
- Title: "DUE: [Deliverable]"
- Time: 5:00 PM (end of business)
- Reminders:
  - 14 days before: Planning reminder
  - 3 days before: Final review reminder
  - 1 day before: Submission reminder
- Description:

## PRIORITY & SEQUENCING
Critical path dependencies:
1. [Deadline 1] triggers [Deadline 2]
2. [Deadline 2] depends on [Input A]

## RISK FLAGGING
Tight deadlines requiring immediate attention:
- [Deadline] - Only __ days out
- Impacts on other matters: [List]

Matter: [Case Name]
Governing law: [State/Jurisdiction]
Incident date: [Date]

I need to track statute of limitations for potential claims:

## CLAIM ANALYSIS

| Claim Type | Applicable SOL | Expiration Date | Days Remaining | Action Needed |
|-----------|--------------|-----------------|-----------------|--------------|
| Breach of contract | [Years] | [Date] | | |
| Negligence | [Years] | [Date] | | |
| [Other claim] | [Years] | [Date] | | |

## FILING DEADLINE CALCULATION
For each claim approaching SOL expiration:

**Claim: [Claim Name]**
- SOL Expiration date: [Date]
- Necessary pre-filing steps:
  1. [Step] - Timeline: [Days before filing]
  2. [Step] - Timeline: [Days before filing]
- Recommended filing deadline: [Date] (__ days before expiration)
- Latest possible filing: [Date]

## COURT DEADLINE TRIGGERS
Once filed:
- Summons service deadline: [Date] ([Days] from filing)
- Initial pleading deadlines: [Dates]
- Discovery timeline: [Dates]

## CALENDAR REMINDERS
Create reminders for:
1. 180 days before SOL: Strategic assessment - pursue or abandon?
2. 90 days before SOL: Decision deadline
3. 60 days before SOL: Pleading preparation begins
4. 30 days before SOL: Final review and filing
5. Filing date: Execute complaint filing

## RISK ASSESSMENT
- Which claims are at highest risk of expiration?
- Are there tolling considerations? [Explain]
- What if case settles before filing?

I've provided matter summaries for all 45 active cases.

Please prioritize for partner allocation:

## PRIORITIZATION FRAMEWORK

Evaluate each matter on:
1. **Client Value**: Annual revenue from this client/matter
2. **Time Urgency**: Days until critical deadline
3. **Complexity Risk**: Likelihood of serious problems
4. **Profitability**: Revenue vs. estimated hours
5. **Staff Capacity**: Current attorney's capacity vs. need

## PRIORITY MATRIX

| Matter | Client | Revenue | Days to Critical Deadline | Complexity (1-5) | Profitability | Hours Required | Risk Level | Priority Rank |
|--------|--------|---------|------------------------|------------------|---------------|-----------------|-----------|--------------|
| | | | | | | | | |

## TOP 10 MATTERS REQUIRING ATTENTION
1. [Matter Name] - [Reason for priority]
   - Client revenue: $__
   - Days to deadline: __
   - Estimated hours needed: __
   - Recommended action: [Assign partner/staff]

## WORKLOAD ANALYSIS
- Which attorneys are over-capacity?
- Which are underutilized?
- Cross-training opportunities: [List]

## RESOURCE ALLOCATION RECOMMENDATION
Partner should take on:
1. [Matter] - [Justification]
2. [Matter] - [Justification]
3. [Matter] - [Justification]

Alternative: Delegate to [Staff member] if ready.

Matter: [Client Name / Matter Description]
Reporting period: [Dates]
Client contact: [Name/Title]

I have these matter notes for the reporting period:

[Paste: Recent emails, work performed, calendar entries, decisions]

Generate a professional status report:

## FORMAT

[Client letterhead]

[Date]

[Client Name]
[Address]

Re: [Matter Description] - Status Report for [Month]

Dear [Client Contact]:

### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
[2-3 sentences on current status and next steps]

### ACTIVITIES COMPLETED THIS PERIOD
- [Activity 1]: [What was done, why it matters]
- [Activity 2]: [Outcome/result]
- [Activity 3]: [Key accomplishment]

### CURRENT MATTER STATUS
[Current position in matter timeline]
- Completed milestones: [List]
- Current phase: [Describe]
- Upcoming milestones: [List with dates]

### NEXT STEPS
1. [Action item] - Timeline: [Date]
2. [Action item] - Timeline: [Date]
3. [Action item] - Timeline: [Date]

### LEGAL FEES & BUDGET
- Fees incurred this period: $__
- Estimated budget remaining: $__
- Fee variance explanation: [If over budget, explain]

### QUESTIONS FOR CLIENT
[Any decisions needed from client? Request input on:]
- [Decision 1]
- [Decision 2]

Please advise on your preferences for [issue].

### NEXT REPORT
[Date of next scheduled status report]

Sincerely,

[Attorney name]
[Firm name]
[Phone/email]

---

Please review and suggest any additions based on client priorities.

I'm about to send invoice [Invoice #] to [Client Name].

Invoice summary:
- Period covered: [Dates]
- Total amount: $[Amount]
- Number of entries: __
- Key work performed: [Brief list]

Generate a professional invoice cover letter:

[Include:
- Brief summary of work performed
- Reference to prior communications/budget discussions
- Payment terms/due date
- Contact for questions
- Professional closing
- Appropriate tone (formal, collaborative, appreciative)]

Tone considerations:
- This client is: [Type: large/small, repeat/one-time, sensitive/routine]
- Recent issues: [Any concerns or overruns?]
- Relationship status: [Strong/developing/needs attention]

Adjust cover letter accordingly.

I'm preparing invoice to [Client Name] for period [Dates].

I have approved time entries for [Matter]:

[Paste: Time entry data with columns: Date, Description, Hours, Code, Attorney]

Generate a draft invoice:

## STEP 1: INVOICE STRUCTURE

[Client name/Address/Invoice #/Invoice date/Due date]

MATTER: [Matter description]
PERIOD: [Date range]

### ITEMIZED CHARGES

Group by date, then by attorney:

**[Date]**
| Time | Attorney | Description | Code | Hours | Rate | Amount |
|------|----------|-------------|------|-------|------|--------|
| | | | | | | |

**Subtotal for [Date]**: $__

[Repeat for each date]

## SUBTOTALS BY CATEGORY
| Category | Hours | Rate | Amount |
|----------|-------|------|--------|
| Partner time | __ | $__ | $__ |
| Associate time | __ | $__ | $__ |
| Paralegal time | __ | $__ | $__ |
| **TOTAL FEES** | | | **$__** |

[Add any expenses/costs]

## STEP 2: BILLING COMPLIANCE REVIEW

Check for violations:

### Block Billing Detection
**VIOLATION**: "Reviewed documents, drafted motion, met with client" (3.5 hours)
**CORRECTED**:
- "Reviewed discovery documents (1.5 hours)"
- "Drafted Motion to Dismiss (1.5 hours)"
- "Client conference re: motion strategy (0.5 hours)"

Are any entries improperly bundled? Flag for correction.

### Narrative Sufficiency
INSUFFICIENT: "Legal work" or "client matter work"
SUFFICIENT: "Drafted responsive brief to opposition's summary judgment motion, addressing three key case authorities cited by opposing counsel"

Review all descriptions for sufficiency.

### Code Validation
Does every entry have:
- [ ] Valid billing code from approved list
- [ ] Code matches activity description
- [ ] No code mismatches (e.g., "research" coded as "court appearance")

### Unbilled Hour Detection
Remaining unbilled hours for this matter: [Check against time entries]

## STEP 3: INVOICE SUMMARY FOR CLIENT

Create professional summary narrative:

---

**INVOICE SUMMARY**

During [period], [firm name] provided [type of services] on the matter of [matter description].

Our work included:
- [Activity category]: [Hours total]
- [Activity category]: [Hours total]

Key accomplishments:
- [What was delivered]
- [Client benefit]

---

## STEP 4: RECOMMENDATIONS

Before sending:
1. [ ] Block billing removed?
2. [ ] Descriptions specific and detailed?
3. [ ] All codes valid?
4. [ ] No unbilled hours for this period?
5. [ ] Rates match engagement letter?
6. [ ] Any budget overruns explained?
7. [ ] Expenses properly documented?

Issues requiring partner approval before sending:
[List any exceptions]

## QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR PRACTICE MANAGEMENT OUTPUT

After Claude provides analysis, verify:

1. TIME TRACKING REVIEW
   [ ] All time entries have specific descriptions (not "legal work")
   [ ] No block billing (multiple activities bundled)
   [ ] All entries dated with specific times
   [ ] Descriptions sufficient for client and compliance

2. CODING ACCURACY
   [ ] All codes match approved firm list
   [ ] Codes match activity descriptions
   [ ] No obvious misclassifications
   [ ] Code rationale explained if unusual

3. GAP ANALYSIS VERIFICATION
   [ ] Calendar activities cross-checked to entries
   [ ] Gaps have reasonable explanations
   [ ] Unbilled hours properly identified
   [ ] Recovery calculations accurate

4. DEADLINE MANAGEMENT
   [ ] All dates extracted from source documents
   [ ] SOL calculations verified against jurisdiction law
   [ ] Reminder timing appropriate
   [ ] Calendar entry information complete

5. COMMUNICATIONS REVIEW
   [ ] Status reports accurate to matter facts
   [ ] Invoice descriptions match time entries
   [ ] Professional tone maintained
   [ ] Client-specific customizations present

6. COMPLIANCE CHECK
   [ ] No over-billing or inflated hours
   [ ] No confidential client info exposed
   [ ] Rates match engagement letter terms
   [ ] Expense documentation complete